1 Kings 1:9

Authorized King James Version

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And Adonijah slew sheep and oxen and fat cattle by the stone of Zoheleth, which is by En-rogel, and called all his brethren the king's sons, and all the men of Judah the king's servants:

Original Language Analysis

וַיִּזְבַּ֣ח slew H2076
וַיִּזְבַּ֣ח slew
Strong's: H2076
Word #: 1 of 23
to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)
אֲדֹֽנִיָּ֗הוּ And Adonijah H138
אֲדֹֽנִיָּ֗הוּ And Adonijah
Strong's: H138
Word #: 2 of 23
adonijah, the name of three israelites
צֹ֤אן sheep H6629
צֹ֤אן sheep
Strong's: H6629
Word #: 3 of 23
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
וּבָקָר֙ and oxen H1241
וּבָקָר֙ and oxen
Strong's: H1241
Word #: 4 of 23
a beeve or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd
וּמְרִ֔יא and fat cattle H4806
וּמְרִ֔יא and fat cattle
Strong's: H4806
Word #: 5 of 23
stall-fed; often (as noun) a beeve
עִ֚ם H5973
עִ֚ם
Strong's: H5973
Word #: 6 of 23
adverb or preposition, with (i.e., in conjunction with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with; often with prepositional prefix (and then
אֶ֣בֶן by the stone H68
אֶ֣בֶן by the stone
Strong's: H68
Word #: 7 of 23
a stone
הַזֹּחֶ֔לֶת of Zoheleth H2120
הַזֹּחֶ֔לֶת of Zoheleth
Strong's: H2120
Word #: 8 of 23
zocheleth, a boundary stone in. palestine
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 9 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
אֵ֖צֶל which is by H681
אֵ֖צֶל which is by
Strong's: H681
Word #: 10 of 23
a side; (as a preposition) near
עֵ֣ין H0
עֵ֣ין
Strong's: H0
Word #: 11 of 23
רֹגֵ֑ל Enrogel H5883
רֹגֵ֑ל Enrogel
Strong's: H5883
Word #: 12 of 23
en-rogel, a place near jerusalem
וַיִּקְרָ֗א and called H7121
וַיִּקְרָ֗א and called
Strong's: H7121
Word #: 13 of 23
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
אֶת H853
אֶת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 14 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
כָּל H3605
כָּל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 15 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אֶחָיו֙ all his brethren H251
אֶחָיו֙ all his brethren
Strong's: H251
Word #: 16 of 23
a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance [like h0001])
בְּנֵ֣י sons H1121
בְּנֵ֣י sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 17 of 23
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ the king's H4428
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 18 of 23
a king
וּלְכָל H3605
וּלְכָל
Strong's: H3605
Word #: 19 of 23
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
אַנְשֵׁ֥י H376
אַנְשֵׁ֥י
Strong's: H376
Word #: 20 of 23
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
יְהוּדָ֖ה of Judah H3063
יְהוּדָ֖ה of Judah
Strong's: H3063
Word #: 21 of 23
jehudah (or judah), the name of five israelites; also of the tribe descended from the first, and of its territory
עַבְדֵ֥י servants H5650
עַבְדֵ֥י servants
Strong's: H5650
Word #: 22 of 23
a servant
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ the king's H4428
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ the king's
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 23 of 23
a king

Analysis & Commentary

And Adonijah slew sheep and oxen and fat cattle by the stone of Zoheleth, which is by En-rogel, and called all his brethren the king's sons, and all the men of Judah the king's servants:

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of solomon's accession and adonijah's rebellion, within the book's focus on succession narrative and establishment of Solomon's reign.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. This passage describes events around 970 BCE during the transition from David to Solomon.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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